# Session Library

The Session class permits you maintain a user’s “state” and track their activity while they browse your site.

CodeIgniter comes with a few session storage drivers:

> - files (default; file-system based)
> - database
> - redis
> - memcached

In addition, you may create your own, custom session drivers based on other kinds of storage, while still taking advantage of the features of the Session class.

- Using the Session Class
  - Initializing a Session
  - How do Sessions work?
    - A note about concurrency
  - What is Session Data?
  - Retrieving Session Data
  - Adding Session Data
  - Removing Session Data
  - Flashdata
  - Tempdata
  - Destroying a Session
  - Accessing session metadata
  - Session Preferences
  - Session Drivers
    - Files Driver
      - Bonus Tip
    - Database Driver
    - Redis Driver
    - Memcached Driver
      - Bonus Tip
    - Custom Drivers
- Class Reference

## Using the Session Class

### Initializing a Session

Sessions will typically run globally with each page load, so the Session class should either be initialized in your controller constructors, or it can be auto-loaded by the system. For the most part the session class will run unattended in the background, so simply initializing the class will cause it to read, create, and update sessions when necessary.

To initialize the Session class manually in your controller constructor, use the `$this->load->library()` method:

    $this->load->library('session');

Once loaded, the Sessions library object will be available using:

    $this->session

Important

Because the Loader Class is instantiated by CodeIgniter’s base controller, make sure to call `parent::__construct()` before trying to load a library from inside a controller constructor.

### How do Sessions work?

When a page is loaded, the session class will check to see if valid session cookie is sent by the user’s browser. If a sessions cookie does not exist (or if it doesn’t match one stored on the server or has expired) a new session will be created and saved.

If a valid session does exist, its information will be updated. With each update, the session ID may be regenerated if configured to do so.

It’s important for you to understand that once initialized, the Session class runs automatically. There is nothing you need to do to cause the above behavior to happen. You can, as you’ll see below, work with session data, but the process of reading, writing, and updating a session is automatic.

Note

Under CLI, the Session library will automatically halt itself, as this is a concept based entirely on the HTTP protocol.

#### A note about concurrency

Unless you’re developing a website with heavy AJAX usage, you can skip this section. If you are, however, and if you’re experiencing performance issues, then this note is exactly what you’re looking for.

Sessions in previous versions of CodeIgniter didn’t implement locking, which meant that two HTTP requests using the same session could run exactly at the same time. To use a more appropriate technical term - requests were non-blocking.

However, non-blocking requests in the context of sessions also means unsafe, because modifications to session data (or session ID regeneration) in one request can interfere with the execution of a second, concurrent request. This detail was at the root of many issues and the main reason why CodeIgniter 3.0 has a completely re-written Session library.

Why are we telling you this? Because it is likely that after trying to find the reason for your performance issues, you may conclude that locking is the issue and therefore look into how to remove the locks …

DO NOT DO THAT! Removing locks would be wrong and it will cause you more problems!

Locking is not the issue, it is a solution. Your issue is that you still have the session open, while you’ve already processed it and therefore no longer need it. So, what you need is to close the session for the current request after you no longer need it.

Long story short - call `session_write_close()` once you no longer need anything to do with session variables.

### What is Session Data?

Session data is simply an array associated with a particular session ID (cookie).

If you’ve used sessions in PHP before, you should be familiar with PHP’s $_SESSION superglobal (if not, please read the content on that link).

CodeIgniter gives access to its session data through the same means, as it uses the session handlers’ mechanism provided by PHP. Using session data is as simple as manipulating (read, set and unset values) the `$_SESSION` array.

In addition, CodeIgniter also provides 2 special types of session data that are further explained below: flashdata and tempdata.

Note

In previous versions, regular session data in CodeIgniter was referred to as ‘userdata’. Have this in mind if that term is used elsewhere in the manual. Most of it is written to explain how the custom ‘userdata’ methods work.

### Retrieving Session Data

Any piece of information from the session array is available through the `$_SESSION` superglobal:

    $_SESSION['item']

Or through the magic getter:

    $this->session->item

And for backwards compatibility, through the `userdata()` method:

    $this->session->userdata('item');

Where item is the array key corresponding to the item you wish to fetch. For example, to assign a previously stored ‘name’ item to the `$name` variable, you will do this:

    $name = $_SESSION['name'];

    // or:

    $name = $this->session->name

    // or:

    $name = $this->session->userdata('name');

Note

The `userdata()` method returns NULL if the item you are trying to access does not exist.

If you want to retrieve all of the existing userdata, you can simply omit the item key (magic getter only works for properties):

    $_SESSION

    // or:

    $this->session->userdata();

### Adding Session Data

Let’s say a particular user logs into your site. Once authenticated, you could add their username and e-mail address to the session, making that data globally available to you without having to run a database query when you need it.

You can simply assign data to the `$_SESSION` array, as with any other variable. Or as a property of `$this->session`.

Alternatively, the old method of assigning it as “userdata” is also available. That however passing an array containing your new data to the `set_userdata()` method:

    $this->session->set_userdata($array);

Where `$array` is an associative array containing your new data. Here’s an example:

    $newdata = array(
            'username'  => 'johndoe',
            'email'     => 'johndoe@some-site.com',
            'logged_in' => TRUE
    );

    $this->session->set_userdata($newdata);

If you want to add userdata one value at a time, `set_userdata()` also supports this syntax:

    $this->session->set_userdata('some_name', 'some_value');

If you want to verify that a session value exists, simply check with `isset()`:

    // returns FALSE if the 'some_name' item doesn't exist or is NULL,
    // TRUE otherwise:
    isset($_SESSION['some_name'])

Or you can call `has_userdata()`:

    $this->session->has_userdata('some_name');

### Removing Session Data

Just as with any other variable, unsetting a value in `$_SESSION` can be done through `unset()`:

    unset($_SESSION['some_name']);

    // or multiple values:

    unset(
            $_SESSION['some_name'],
            $_SESSION['another_name']
    );

Also, just as `set_userdata()` can be used to add information to a session, `unset_userdata()` can be used to remove it, by passing the session key. For example, if you wanted to remove ‘some_name’ from your session data array:

    $this->session->unset_userdata('some_name');

This method also accepts an array of item keys to unset:

    $array_items = array('username', 'email');

    $this->session->unset_userdata($array_items);

Note

In previous versions, the `unset_userdata()` method used to accept an associative array of `key => 'dummy value'` pairs. This is no longer supported.

### Flashdata

CodeIgniter supports “flashdata”, or session data that will only be available for the next request, and is then automatically cleared.

This can be very useful, especially for one-time informational, error or status messages (for example: “Record 2 deleted”).

It should be noted that flashdata variables are regular session vars, only marked in a specific way under the ‘__ci_vars’ key (please don’t touch that one, you’ve been warned).

To mark an existing item as “flashdata”:

    $this->session->mark_as_flash('item');

If you want to mark multiple items as flashdata, simply pass the keys as an array:

    $this->session->mark_as_flash(array('item', 'item2'));

To add flashdata:

    $_SESSION['item'] = 'value';
    $this->session->mark_as_flash('item');

Or alternatively, using the `set_flashdata()` method:

    $this->session->set_flashdata('item', 'value');

You can also pass an array to `set_flashdata()`, in the same manner as `set_userdata()`.

Reading flashdata variables is the same as reading regular session data through `$_SESSION`:

    $_SESSION['item']

Important

The `userdata()` method will NOT return flashdata items.

However, if you want to be sure that you’re reading “flashdata” (and not any other kind), you can also use the `flashdata()` method:

    $this->session->flashdata('item');

Or to get an array with all flashdata, simply omit the key parameter:

    $this->session->flashdata();

Note

The `flashdata()` method returns NULL if the item cannot be found.

If you find that you need to preserve a flashdata variable through an additional request, you can do so using the `keep_flashdata()` method. You can either pass a single item or an array of flashdata items to keep.

    $this->session->keep_flashdata('item');
    $this->session->keep_flashdata(array('item1', 'item2', 'item3'));

### Tempdata

CodeIgniter also supports “tempdata”, or session data with a specific expiration time. After the value expires, or the session expires or is deleted, the value is automatically removed.

Similarly to flashdata, tempdata variables are regular session vars that are marked in a specific way under the ‘__ci_vars’ key (again, don’t touch that one).

To mark an existing item as “tempdata”, simply pass its key and expiry time (in seconds!) to the `mark_as_temp()` method:

    // 'item' will be erased after 300 seconds
    $this->session->mark_as_temp('item', 300);

You can mark multiple items as tempdata in two ways, depending on whether you want them all to have the same expiry time or not:

    // Both 'item' and 'item2' will expire after 300 seconds
    $this->session->mark_as_temp(array('item', 'item2'), 300);

    // 'item' will be erased after 300 seconds, while 'item2'
    // will do so after only 240 seconds
    $this->session->mark_as_temp(array(
            'item'  => 300,
            'item2' => 240
    ));

To add tempdata:

    $_SESSION['item'] = 'value';
    $this->session->mark_as_temp('item', 300); // Expire in 5 minutes

Or alternatively, using the `set_tempdata()` method:

    $this->session->set_tempdata('item', 'value', 300);

You can also pass an array to `set_tempdata()`:

    $tempdata = array('newuser' => TRUE, 'message' => 'Thanks for joining!');

    $this->session->set_tempdata($tempdata, NULL, $expire);

Note

If the expiration is omitted or set to 0, the default time-to-live value of 300 seconds (or 5 minutes) will be used.

To read a tempdata variable, again you can just access it through the `$_SESSION` superglobal array:

    $_SESSION['item']

Important

The `userdata()` method will NOT return tempdata items.

Or if you want to be sure that you’re reading “tempdata” (and not any other kind), you can also use the `tempdata()` method:

    $this->session->tempdata('item');

And of course, if you want to retrieve all existing tempdata:

    $this->session->tempdata();

Note

The `tempdata()` method returns NULL if the item cannot be found.

If you need to remove a tempdata value before it expires, you can directly unset it from the `$_SESSION` array:

    unset($_SESSION['item']);

However, this won’t remove the marker that makes this specific item to be tempdata (it will be invalidated on the next HTTP request), so if you intend to reuse that same key in the same request, you’d want to use `unset_tempdata()`:

    $this->session->unset_tempdata('item');

### Destroying a Session

To clear the current session (for example, during a logout), you may simply use either PHP’s session_destroy() function, or the `sess_destroy()` method. Both will work in exactly the same way:

    session_destroy();

    // or

    $this->session->sess_destroy();

Note

This must be the last session-related operation that you do during the same request. All session data (including flashdata and tempdata) will be destroyed permanently and functions will be unusable during the same request after you destroy the session.

### Accessing session metadata

In previous CodeIgniter versions, the session data array included 4 items by default: ‘session_id’, ‘ip_address’, ‘user_agent’, ‘last_activity’.

This was due to the specifics of how sessions worked, but is now no longer necessary with our new implementation. However, it may happen that your application relied on these values, so here are alternative methods of accessing them:

> - session_id: `session_id()`
> - ip_address: `$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']`
> - user_agent: `$this->input->user_agent()` (unused by sessions)
> - last_activity: Depends on the storage, no straightforward way. Sorry!

### Session Preferences

CodeIgniter will usually make everything work out of the box. However, Sessions are a very sensitive component of any application, so some careful configuration must be done. Please take your time to consider all of the options and their effects.

You’ll find the following Session related preferences in your application/config/config.php file:

Preference | Default | Options | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
sess_driver | files | files/database/redis/memcached/custom | The session storage driver to use.
sess_cookie_name | ci_session | [A-Za-z_-] characters only | The name used for the session cookie.
sess_expiration | 7200 (2 hours) | Time in seconds (integer) | The number of seconds you would like the session to last. If you would like a non-expiring session (until browser is closed) set the value to zero: 0
sess_save_path | NULL | None | Specifies the storage location, depends on the driver being used.
sess_match_ip | FALSE | TRUE/FALSE (boolean) | Whether to validate the user’s IP address when reading the session cookie. Note that some ISPs dynamically changes the IP, so if you want a non-expiring session you will likely set this to FALSE.
sess_time_to_update | 300 | Time in seconds (integer) | This option controls how often the session class will regenerate itself and create a new session ID. Setting it to 0 will disable session ID regeneration.
sess_regenerate_destroy | FALSE | TRUE/FALSE (boolean) | Whether to destroy session data associated with the old session ID when auto-regenerating the session ID. When set to FALSE, the data will be later deleted by the garbage collector.

Note

As a last resort, the Session library will try to fetch PHP’s session related INI settings, as well as legacy CI settings such as ‘sess_expire_on_close’ when any of the above is not configured. However, you should never rely on this behavior as it can cause unexpected results or be changed in the future. Please configure everything properly.

In addition to the values above, the cookie and native drivers apply the following configuration values shared by the Input and Security classes:

Preference | Default | Description
--- | --- | ---
cookie_domain | ‘’ | The domain for which the session is applicable
cookie_path | / | The path to which the session is applicable
cookie_secure | FALSE | Whether to create the session cookie only on encrypted (HTTPS) connections

Note

The ‘cookie_httponly’ setting doesn’t have an effect on sessions. Instead the HttpOnly parameter is always enabled, for security reasons. Additionally, the ‘cookie_prefix’ setting is completely ignored.

### Session Drivers

As already mentioned, the Session library comes with 4 drivers, or storage engines, that you can use:

> - files
> - database
> - redis
> - memcached

By default, the Files Driver will be used when a session is initialized, because it is the most safe choice and is expected to work everywhere (virtually every environment has a file system).

However, any other driver may be selected via the `$config['sess_driver']` line in your application/config/config.php file, if you chose to do so. Have it in mind though, every driver has different caveats, so be sure to get yourself familiar with them (below) before you make that choice.

In addition, you may also create and use Custom Drivers, if the ones provided by default don’t satisfy your use case.

Note

In previous CodeIgniter versions, a different, “cookie driver” was the only option and we have received negative feedback on not providing that option. While we do listen to feedback from the community, we want to warn you that it was dropped because it is unsafe and we advise you NOT to try to replicate it via a custom driver.

#### Files Driver

The ‘files’ driver uses your file system for storing session data.

It can safely be said that it works exactly like PHP’s own default session implementation, but in case this is an important detail for you, have it mind that it is in fact not the same code and it has some limitations (and advantages).

To be more specific, it doesn’t support PHP’s directory level and mode formats used in session.save_path, and it has most of the options hard-coded for safety. Instead, only absolute paths are supported for `$config['sess_save_path']`.

Another important thing that you should know, is to make sure that you don’t use a publicly-readable or shared directory for storing your session files. Make sure that only you have access to see the contents of your chosen sess_save_path directory. Otherwise, anybody who can do that, can also steal any of the current sessions (also known as “session fixation” attack).

On UNIX-like operating systems, this is usually achieved by setting the 0700 mode permissions on that directory via the chmod command, which allows only the directory’s owner to perform read and write operations on it. But be careful because the system user running the script is usually not your own, but something like ‘www-data’ instead, so only setting those permissions will probable break your application.

Instead, you should do something like this, depending on your environment

    mkdir /<path to your application directory>/sessions/
    chmod 0700 /<path to your application directory>/sessions/
    chown www-data /<path to your application directory>/sessions/

##### Bonus Tip

Some of you will probably opt to choose another session driver because file storage is usually slower. This is only half true.

A very basic test will probably trick you into believing that an SQL database is faster, but in 99% of the cases, this is only true while you only have a few current sessions. As the sessions count and server loads increase - which is the time when it matters - the file system will consistently outperform almost all relational database setups.

In addition, if performance is your only concern, you may want to look into using tmpfs, (warning: external resource), which can make your sessions blazing fast.

#### Database Driver

The ‘database’ driver uses a relational database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL to store sessions. This is a popular choice among many users, because it allows the developer easy access to the session data within an application - it is just another table in your database.

However, there are some conditions that must be met:

> - Only your default database connection (or the one that you access as `$this->db` from your controllers) can be used.
> - You must have the Query Builder enabled.
> - You can NOT use a persistent connection.
> - You can NOT use a connection with the cache_on setting enabled.

In order to use the ‘database’ session driver, you must also create this table that we already mentioned and then set it as your `$config['sess_save_path']` value. For example, if you would like to use ‘ci_sessions’ as your table name, you would do this:

    $config['sess_driver'] = 'database';
    $config['sess_save_path'] = 'ci_sessions';

Note

If you’ve upgraded from a previous version of CodeIgniter and you don’t have ‘sess_save_path’ configured, then the Session library will look for the old ‘sess_table_name’ setting and use it instead. Please don’t rely on this behavior as it will get removed in the future.

And then of course, create the database table …

For MySQL:

    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ci_sessions` (
            `id` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
            `ip_address` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
            `timestamp` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
            `data` blob NOT NULL,
            KEY `ci_sessions_timestamp` (`timestamp`)
    );

For PostgreSQL:

    CREATE TABLE "ci_sessions" (
            "id" varchar(128) NOT NULL,
            "ip_address" varchar(45) NOT NULL,
            "timestamp" bigint DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
            "data" text DEFAULT '' NOT NULL
    );

    CREATE INDEX "ci_sessions_timestamp" ON "ci_sessions" ("timestamp");

You will also need to add a PRIMARY KEY depending on your ‘sess_match_ip’ setting. The examples below work both on MySQL and PostgreSQL:

    // When sess_match_ip = TRUE
    ALTER TABLE ci_sessions ADD PRIMARY KEY (id, ip_address);

    // When sess_match_ip = FALSE
    ALTER TABLE ci_sessions ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);

    // To drop a previously created primary key (use when changing the setting)
    ALTER TABLE ci_sessions DROP PRIMARY KEY;

Important

Only MySQL and PostgreSQL databases are officially supported, due to lack of advisory locking mechanisms on other platforms. Using sessions without locks can cause all sorts of problems, especially with heavy usage of AJAX, and we will not support such cases. Use `session_write_close()` after you’ve done processing session data if you’re having performance issues.

#### Redis Driver

Note

Since Redis doesn’t have a locking mechanism exposed, locks for this driver are emulated by a separate value that is kept for up to 300 seconds.

Redis is a storage engine typically used for caching and popular because of its high performance, which is also probably your reason to use the ‘redis’ session driver.

The downside is that it is not as ubiquitous as relational databases and requires the phpredis PHP extension to be installed on your system, and that one doesn’t come bundled with PHP. Chances are, you’re only be using the ‘redis’ driver only if you’re already both familiar with Redis and using it for other purposes.

Just as with the ‘files’ and ‘database’ drivers, you must also configure the storage location for your sessions via the `$config['sess_save_path']` setting. The format here is a bit different and complicated at the same time. It is best explained by the phpredis extension’s README file, so we’ll simply link you to it:

> https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis#php-session-handler

Warning

CodeIgniter’s Session library does NOT use the actual ‘redis’ `session.save_handler`. Take note only of the path format in the link above.

For the most common case however, a simple `host:port` pair should be sufficient:

    $config['sess_driver'] = 'redis';
    $config['sess_save_path'] = 'tcp://localhost:6379';

#### Memcached Driver

Note

Since Memcache doesn’t have a locking mechanism exposed, locks for this driver are emulated by a separate value that is kept for up to 300 seconds.

The ‘memcached’ driver is very similar to the ‘redis’ one in all of its properties, except perhaps for availability, because PHP’s Memcached extension is distributed via PECL and some Linux distrubutions make it available as an easy to install package.

Other than that, and without any intentional bias towards Redis, there’s not much different to be said about Memcached - it is also a popular product that is usually used for caching and famed for its speed.

However, it is worth noting that the only guarantee given by Memcached is that setting value X to expire after Y seconds will result in it being deleted after Y seconds have passed (but not necessarily that it won’t expire earlier than that time). This happens very rarely, but should be considered as it may result in loss of sessions.

The `$config['sess_save_path']` format is fairly straightforward here, being just a `host:port` pair:

    $config['sess_driver'] = 'memcached';
    $config['sess_save_path'] = 'localhost:11211';

##### Bonus Tip

Multi-server configuration with an optional weight parameter as the third colon-separated (`:weight`) value is also supported, but we have to note that we haven’t tested if that is reliable.

If you want to experiment with this feature (on your own risk), simply separate the multiple server paths with commas:

    // localhost will be given higher priority (5) here,
    // compared to 192.0.2.1 with a weight of 1.
    $config['sess_save_path'] = 'localhost:11211:5,192.0.2.1:11211:1';

#### Custom Drivers

You may also create your own, custom session drivers. However, have it in mind that this is typically not an easy task, as it takes a lot of knowledge to do it properly.

You need to know not only how sessions work in general, but also how they work specifically in PHP, how the underlying storage mechanism works, how to handle concurrency, avoid deadlocks (but NOT through lack of locks) and last but not least - how to handle the potential security issues, which is far from trivial.

Long story short - if you don’t know how to do that already in raw PHP, you shouldn’t be trying to do it within CodeIgniter either. You’ve been warned.

If you only want to add some extra functionality to your sessions, just extend the base Session class, which is a lot more easier. Read the Creating Libraries article to learn how to do that.

Now, to the point - there are three general rules that you must follow when creating a session driver for CodeIgniter:

> - Put your driver’s file under application/libraries/Session/drivers/ and follow the naming conventions used by the Session class.

>   For example, if you were to create a ‘dummy’ driver, you would have a `Session_dummy_driver` class name, that is declared in application/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_dummy_driver.php.

> - Extend the `CI_Session_driver` class.

>   This is just a basic class with a few internal helper methods. It is also extendable like any other library, if you really need to do that, but we are not going to explain how … if you’re familiar with how class extensions/overrides work in CI, then you already know how to do it. If not, well, you shouldn’t be doing it in the first place.

> - Implement the SessionHandlerInterface interface.

>   Note

>   You may notice that `SessionHandlerInterface` is provided by PHP since version 5.4.0. CodeIgniter will automatically declare the same interface if you’re running an older PHP version.

>   The link will explain why and how.

So, based on our ‘dummy’ driver example above, you’d end up with something like this:

    // application/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_dummy_driver.php:

    class CI_Session_dummy_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface
    {

            public function __construct(&$params)
            {
                    // DO NOT forget this
                    parent::__construct($params);

                    // Configuration & other initializations
            }

            public function open($save_path, $name)
            {
                    // Initialize storage mechanism (connection)
            }

            public function read($session_id)
            {
                    // Read session data (if exists), acquire locks
            }

            public function write($session_id, $session_data)
            {
                    // Create / update session data (it might not exist!)
            }

            public function close()
            {
                    // Free locks, close connections / streams / etc.
            }

            public function destroy($session_id)
            {
                    // Call close() method & destroy data for current session (order may differ)
            }

            public function gc($maxlifetime)
            {
                    // Erase data for expired sessions
            }

    }

If you’ve done everything properly, you can now set your sess_driver configuration value to ‘dummy’ and use your own driver. Congratulations!

## Class Reference

class `CI_Session`
  `userdata`([$key = NULL])

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Session item key or NULL
    Returns: | Value of the specified item key, or an array of all userdata
    Return type: | mixed

    Gets the value for a specific `$_SESSION` item, or an array of all “userdata” items if not key was specified.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications. You should directly access `$_SESSION` instead.

  `all_userdata`()

    Returns: | An array of all userdata
    Return type: | array

    Returns an array containing all “userdata” items.

    Note

    This method is DEPRECATED. Use `userdata()` with no parameters instead.

  `&get_userdata()`

    Returns: | A reference to `$_SESSION`
    Return type: | array

    Returns a reference to the `$_SESSION` array.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications.

  `has_userdata`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (string) – Session item key
    Returns: | TRUE if the specified key exists, FALSE if not
    Return type: | bool

    Checks if an item exists in `$_SESSION`.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications. It is just an alias for `isset($_SESSION[$key])` - please use that instead.

  `set_userdata`($data[, $value = NULL])

    Parameters: | $data (mixed) – An array of key/value pairs to set as session data, or the key for a single item $value (mixed) – The value to set for a specific session item, if $data is a key
    Return type: | void

    Assigns data to the `$_SESSION` superglobal.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications.

  `unset_userdata`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Key for the session data item to unset, or an array of multiple keys
    Return type: | void

    Unsets the specified key(s) from the `$_SESSION` superglobal.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications. It is just an alias for `unset($_SESSION[$key])` - please use that instead.

  `mark_as_flash`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Key to mark as flashdata, or an array of multiple keys
    Returns: | TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
    Return type: | bool

    Marks a `$_SESSION` item key (or multiple ones) as “flashdata”.

  `get_flash_keys`()

    Returns: | Array containing the keys of all “flashdata” items.
    Return type: | array

    Gets a list of all `$_SESSION` that have been marked as “flashdata”.

  `unmark_flash`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Key to be un-marked as flashdata, or an array of multiple keys
    Return type: | void

    Unmarks a `$_SESSION` item key (or multiple ones) as “flashdata”.

  `flashdata`([$key = NULL])

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Flashdata item key or NULL
    Returns: | Value of the specified item key, or an array of all flashdata
    Return type: | mixed

    Gets the value for a specific `$_SESSION` item that has been marked as “flashdata”, or an array of all “flashdata” items if no key was specified.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications. You should directly access `$_SESSION` instead.

  `keep_flashdata`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Flashdata key to keep, or an array of multiple keys
    Returns: | TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
    Return type: | bool

    Retains the specified session data key(s) as “flashdata” through the next request.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications. It is just an alias for the `mark_as_flash()` method.

  `set_flashdata`($data[, $value = NULL])

    Parameters: | $data (mixed) – An array of key/value pairs to set as flashdata, or the key for a single item $value (mixed) – The value to set for a specific session item, if $data is a key
    Return type: | void

    Assigns data to the `$_SESSION` superglobal and marks it as “flashdata”.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications.

  `mark_as_temp`($key[, $ttl = 300])

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Key to mark as tempdata, or an array of multiple keys $ttl (int) – Time-to-live value for the tempdata, in seconds
    Returns: | TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
    Return type: | bool

    Marks a `$_SESSION` item key (or multiple ones) as “tempdata”.

  `get_temp_keys`()

    Returns: | Array containing the keys of all “tempdata” items.
    Return type: | array

    Gets a list of all `$_SESSION` that have been marked as “tempdata”.

  `unmark_temp`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Key to be un-marked as tempdata, or an array of multiple keys
    Return type: | void

    Unmarks a `$_SESSION` item key (or multiple ones) as “tempdata”.

  `tempdata`([$key = NULL])

    Parameters: | $key (mixed) – Tempdata item key or NULL
    Returns: | Value of the specified item key, or an array of all tempdata
    Return type: | mixed

    Gets the value for a specific `$_SESSION` item that has been marked as “tempdata”, or an array of all “tempdata” items if no key was specified.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications. You should directly access `$_SESSION` instead.

  `set_tempdata`($data[, $value = NULL])

    Parameters: | $data (mixed) – An array of key/value pairs to set as tempdata, or the key for a single item $value (mixed) – The value to set for a specific session item, if $data is a key $ttl (int) – Time-to-live value for the tempdata item(s), in seconds
    Return type: | void

    Assigns data to the `$_SESSION` superglobal and marks it as “tempdata”.

    Note

    This is a legacy method kept only for backwards compatibility with older applications.

  `sess_regenerate`([$destroy = FALSE])

    Parameters: | $destroy (bool) – Whether to destroy session data
    Return type: | void

    Regenerate session ID, optionally destroying the current session’s data.

    Note

    This method is just an alias for PHP’s native session_regenerate_id() function.

  `sess_destroy`()

    Return type: | void

    Destroys the current session.

    Note

    This must be the last session-related function that you call. All session data will be lost after you do that.

    Note

    This method is just an alias for PHP’s native session_destroy() function.

  `__get`($key)

    Parameters: | $key (string) – Session item key
    Returns: | The requested session data item, or NULL if it doesn’t exist
    Return type: | mixed

    A magic method that allows you to use `$this->session->item` instead of `$_SESSION['item']`, if that’s what you prefer.

    It will also return the session ID by calling `session_id()` if you try to access `$this->session->session_id`.

  `__set`($key, $value)

    Parameters: | $key (string) – Session item key $value (mixed) – Value to assign to the session item key
    Returns: | void

    A magic method that allows you to assign items to `$_SESSION` by accessing them as `$this->session` properties:

        $this->session->foo = 'bar';

        // Results in:
        // $_SESSION['foo'] = 'bar';